[Spacetalk] https://www.nasa.gov/index.html; https://spaceflightnow.com; https://www.jpl.nasa.gov

Mon Jul 19 21:05:14 CDT 2021

Hi all,

 Good evening from Florida…I want to get this to you, hopefully with the difference in time you will have the opportunity to follow along tomorrow with the Blue Origin Launch…if you haven’t heard…it is very special to me because one of the crew is a pioneer from the very start of the US Space Program called Project Mercury… which, from1958 to 1963, was the NASA program that put the first American astronauts in space. Seven men were selected…but there was also a group called The Mercury 13…these were 13 women who passed all tests to be part of the original Mercury astronauts…none were selected…one of them, Wally Funk, now 82, will finally get her chance to go to space tomorrow…it is awesome, if you haven’t seen her, she is still amazing, so excited, so happy, so eager to go…I think this is so special for girls to share with her and equally exciting for everyone to know…never give up on your dreams...Visit Space.com <https://www.space.com/> on July 20 for complete coverage Blue Origin's first astronaut launch... the mission is set to fly at 9:00 a.m. EDT (1300 GMT) on Tuesday (July 20).
  We have to stay positive and always be thankful… remembering to do our best, enjoy everything we do, believe in ourselves, and let those we care about most know (I always say this, we all need to take it to heart) …hugs & smiles… :-) :-)   STAY SAFE, TAKE CARE, Love ya, Gabe

Blue Origin is 'go' for historic 1st astronaut launch with Jeff Bezos <https://futureplc.slgnt.eu/optiext/optiextension.dll?ID=A45A7pu92kL1Q0GIFu15otA9zBDsvjqFMcTdtjXPHiwGy8gQddYkdZ7yMSmVG65GLSfS_4bntWw7qsZilIVCGoJBetOwvhcVK5Cgum3AJsJLkY5auY>

The launch of New Shepard's first crewed flight <https://www.space.com/blue-origin-new-shepard-first-astronaut-flight-july-20> will be broadcast beginning at 7:30 a.m. EDT (1130 GMT) at BlueOrigin.com <https://www.blueorigin.com/> Liftoff is scheduled for 9 a.m. EDT (1300 GMT), but that will depend on the weather forecast and other technical factors.

OUR STAR, THE SUN (in perspective)

 <https://www.facebook.com/curiosidadesuniverso/posts/4244477615596072?__cft__[0]=AZWkXVl7HTx3yBqypDeegOOh39lSqpZ1OnSvRGAm3H8fXv27IrCm99YhjrU7IL924AILy4FDf-hPoG31eD5tZhFD1ilwr5ez3hCdFcF_bOrKIuadzP7VMUXf3OdESN20Aro6pup3bFFZV-ZSHfD7d10wXjamnbMaT5OV9oRoi4c7f3E6vCKmRuVRSmLkfnXXY-tHRJKqLHu5fUgOwH4Zaxuv&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-y-R> <https://www.facebook.com/curiosidadesuniverso/posts/4244477615596072?__cft__[0]=AZWkXVl7HTx3yBqypDeegOOh39lSqpZ1OnSvRGAm3H8fXv27IrCm99YhjrU7IL924AILy4FDf-hPoG31eD5tZhFD1ilwr5ez3hCdFcF_bOrKIuadzP7VMUXf3OdESN20Aro6pup3bFFZV-ZSHfD7d10wXjamnbMaT5OV9oRoi4c7f3E6vCKmRuVRSmLkfnXXY-tHRJKqLHu5fUgOwH4Zaxuv&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-y-R>It would fit 1 MILLION and 200 THOUSAND planets Earth within the Sun.
The Sun accounts for 99 % of the entire mass of the Solar System. The rest are planets, moons and bodies like asteroids and also ourselves.
And our Sun is small compared to giant stars.
 <https://www.facebook.com/curiosidadesuniverso/posts/4244477615596072?__cft__[0]=AZWkXVl7HTx3yBqypDeegOOh39lSqpZ1OnSvRGAm3H8fXv27IrCm99YhjrU7IL924AILy4FDf-hPoG31eD5tZhFD1ilwr5ez3hCdFcF_bOrKIuadzP7VMUXf3OdESN20Aro6pup3bFFZV-ZSHfD7d10wXjamnbMaT5OV9oRoi4c7f3E6vCKmRuVRSmLkfnXXY-tHRJKqLHu5fUgOwH4Zaxuv&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-y-R>Like our page Trivia of the Universe and join our group via the link below
 <https://www.facebook.com/curiosidadesuniverso/posts/4244477615596072?__cft__[0]=AZWkXVl7HTx3yBqypDeegOOh39lSqpZ1OnSvRGAm3H8fXv27IrCm99YhjrU7IL924AILy4FDf-hPoG31eD5tZhFD1ilwr5ez3hCdFcF_bOrKIuadzP7VMUXf3OdESN20Aro6pup3bFFZV-ZSHfD7d10wXjamnbMaT5OV9oRoi4c7f3E6vCKmRuVRSmLkfnXXY-tHRJKqLHu5fUgOwH4Zaxuv&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-y-R>https://facebook.com/groups/709557929841467/ <https://facebook.com/groups/709557929841467/> 

HUBBLE is ONLINE

Karthik Naren <https://www.facebook.com/karthik.naren.nkkn?__cft__[0]=AZWvGr0NVFhCzKMcKkNGelVQj-fFppewhRR184SGPk7l_6_AkGEU7j57sU3JJyLXWXINf8ylZN_o6zLkoeNA7wkp9tJOtfaIZyBMXUpAZ6eMHTOEaoW9wmbyPBpR9rHfpWxBlBN-HR-JkrikOF2xfhle2NJ6OujA9fXgfrdzdtlprW70DEc8SwtlG_i-DShErwT9scl61DMafeqA58VvcasP&__tn__=-UC%2CP-y-R>
After a Month since troubleshooting, the  <https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=1458437347849080&id=100010484851944&comment_id=1458553784504103&notif_id=1626450345594214&notif_t=feed_comment&ref=notif#>NASA's Hubble Space Telescope <https://www.facebook.com/NASAHubble/?__cft__[0]=AZWvGr0NVFhCzKMcKkNGelVQj-fFppewhRR184SGPk7l_6_AkGEU7j57sU3JJyLXWXINf8ylZN_o6zLkoeNA7wkp9tJOtfaIZyBMXUpAZ6eMHTOEaoW9wmbyPBpR9rHfpWxBlBN-HR-JkrikOF2xfhle2NJ6OujA9fXgfrdzdtlprW70DEc8SwtlG_i-DShErwT9scl61DMafeqA58VvcasP&__tn__=kK-y-R> backup payload computer was successfully brought online after a successful switch to backup hardware. Following a short checkout period, the science instruments will be brought back to operational status.
#Hubble <https://www.facebook.com/hashtag/hubble?__eep__=6&__gid__=796630247386464&__cft__[0]=AZWvGr0NVFhCzKMcKkNGelVQj-fFppewhRR184SGPk7l_6_AkGEU7j57sU3JJyLXWXINf8ylZN_o6zLkoeNA7wkp9tJOtfaIZyBMXUpAZ6eMHTOEaoW9wmbyPBpR9rHfpWxBlBN-HR-JkrikOF2xfhle2NJ6OujA9fXgfrdzdtlprW70DEc8SwtlG_i-DShErwT9scl61DMafeqA58VvcasP&__tn__=*NK-y-R> #SpaceTelescope <https://www.facebook.com/hashtag/spacetelescope?__eep__=6&__gid__=796630247386464&__cft__[0]=AZWvGr0NVFhCzKMcKkNGelVQj-fFppewhRR184SGPk7l_6_AkGEU7j57sU3JJyLXWXINf8ylZN_o6zLkoeNA7wkp9tJOtfaIZyBMXUpAZ6eMHTOEaoW9wmbyPBpR9rHfpWxBlBN-HR-JkrikOF2xfhle2NJ6OujA9fXgfrdzdtlprW70DEc8SwtlG_i-DShErwT9scl61DMafeqA58VvcasP&__tn__=*NK-y-R> #NASA <https://www.facebook.com/hashtag/nasa?__eep__=6&__gid__=796630247386464&__cft__[0]=AZWvGr0NVFhCzKMcKkNGelVQj-fFppewhRR184SGPk7l_6_AkGEU7j57sU3JJyLXWXINf8ylZN_o6zLkoeNA7wkp9tJOtfaIZyBMXUpAZ6eMHTOEaoW9wmbyPBpR9rHfpWxBlBN-HR-JkrikOF2xfhle2NJ6OujA9fXgfrdzdtlprW70DEc8SwtlG_i-DShErwT9scl61DMafeqA58VvcasP&__tn__=*NK-y-R> #HST <https://www.facebook.com/hashtag/hst?__eep__=6&__gid__=796630247386464&__cft__[0]=AZWvGr0NVFhCzKMcKkNGelVQj-fFppewhRR184SGPk7l_6_AkGEU7j57sU3JJyLXWXINf8ylZN_o6zLkoeNA7wkp9tJOtfaIZyBMXUpAZ6eMHTOEaoW9wmbyPBpR9rHfpWxBlBN-HR-JkrikOF2xfhle2NJ6OujA9fXgfrdzdtlprW70DEc8SwtlG_i-DShErwT9scl61DMafeqA58VvcasP&__tn__=*NK-y-R>
File Pic credit: NASA

A Peek Inside the Orion Nebula
 <https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/stsci-01evt7y2q7jz2hg3fxtptnbmre.jpeg>
This dramatic image from January 2006 offers a peek inside a cavern of roiling dust and gas where thousands of stars are forming. The image, taken by the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope <https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/main/index.html>, represents the sharpest view ever taken of this region until this time, called the Orion Nebula <https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/2006/01/1826-Image.html>. More than 3,000 stars of various sizes appear in this image. Some of them have never been seen in visible light. These stars reside in a dramatic dust-and-gas landscape of plateaus, mountains, and valleys that are reminiscent of the Grand Canyon.

The Orion Nebula is a picture book of star formation, from the massive, young stars that are shaping the nebula to the pillars of dense gas that may be the homes of budding stars. The bright central region is the home of the four heftiest stars in the nebula. The stars are called the Trapezium because they are arranged in a trapezoid pattern. Ultraviolet light unleashed by these stars is carving a cavity in the nebula and disrupting the growth of hundreds of smaller stars. Located near the Trapezium stars are stars still young enough to have disks of material encircling them. These disks are called protoplanetary disks or "proplyds" and are too small to see clearly in this image. The disks are the building blocks of solar systems.

The bright glow at upper left is from M43, a small region being shaped by a massive, young star's ultraviolet light. Astronomers call the region a miniature Orion Nebula because only one star is sculpting the landscape. The Orion Nebula has four such stars. Next to M43 are dense, dark pillars of dust and gas that point toward the Trapezium. These pillars are resisting erosion from the Trapezium's intense ultraviolet light. The glowing region on the right reveals arcs and bubbles formed when stellar winds - streams of charged particles ejected from the Trapezium stars - collide with material.

The faint red stars near the bottom are the myriad brown dwarfs that Hubble spied for the first time in the nebula in visible light. Sometimes called "failed stars," brown dwarfs are cool objects that are too small to be ordinary stars because they cannot sustain nuclear fusion in their cores the way our Sun does. The dark red column, below, left, shows an illuminated edge of the cavity wall.

The Orion Nebula is 1,500 light-years away, the nearest star-forming region to Earth. Astronomers used 520 Hubble images, taken in five colors, to make this picture. They also added ground-based photos to fill out the nebula. The ACS mosaic covers approximately the apparent angular size of the full Moon.

The Orion observations were taken between 2004 and 2005.

Image Credit: NASA,ESA, M. Robberto (Space Telescope Science Institute/ESA) and the Hubble Space Telescope Orion Treasury Project Team

Cruise by Jupiter and its giant moon Ganymede in this gorgeous Juno flyby video <https://futureplc.slgnt.eu/optiext/optiextension.dll?ID=RjiRjdg9_V5WFnPkhf2GVHhw22pR_GtVk%2BTHd1TFZjfcQDJBYPeh2jQdLRiZW5MXcbghqJI68xf7_%2BkLEVNqgxnRkHzZGF97e0c1Y%2BCGytRtsnmLpP>

https://videos.space.com/m/nCO0rBJi/fly-from-ganymede-to-jupiter-in-this-amazing-animation-created-from-juno-imagery?list=9wzCTV4g <https://videos.space.com/m/nCO0rBJi/fly-from-ganymede-to-jupiter-in-this-amazing-animation-created-from-juno-imagery?list=9wzCTV4g>

A screenshot from a new video showing the June 2021 flybys of Jupiter and its icy moon Ganymede, by NASA's Juno probe. This image shows Ganymede, the biggest moon in the solar system. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS)

In photos: Juno's amazing views of Jupiter <https://www.space.com/12495-jupiter-juno-mission-photos-gallery.html>
The probe captured amazing photos during these back-to-back encounters, as the new, nearly four-minute video makes abundantly clear. It puts viewers in Juno's imaginary captain's seat, taking us all along for the ride.

"The animation shows just how beautiful deep space exploration can be," Juno principal investigator Scott Bolton, from the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio, said in a statement <https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/ride-with-juno-as-it-flies-past-the-solar-systems-biggest-moon-and-jupiter>. 

"The animation is a way for people to imagine exploring our solar system firsthand by seeing what it would be like to be orbiting Jupiter and flying past one of its icy moons," Bolton added. "Today, as we approach the exciting prospect of humans being able to visit space in orbit around Earth, this propels our imagination decades into the future, when humans will be visiting the alien worlds in our solar system."  

The Juno team made the time-lapse animation using imagery captured by the probe's JunoCam imager <https://www.space.com/42798-junocam-blends-art-and-jupiter-science.html>. They got some help from citizen scientist Gerald Eichstädt, who generated the camera's point of view for the video.

AI designs quantum physics experiments beyond what any human has conceived
By Anil Ananthaswamy - Scientific American <https://www.livescience.com/author/anil-ananthaswamy> 

(Image credit: Shutterstock)
Quantum physicist Mario Krenn remembers sitting in a café in Vienna in early 2016, poring over computer printouts, trying to make sense of what MELVIN had found. MELVIN was a machine-learning algorithm Krenn had built, a kind of artificial intelligence. Its job was to mix and match the building blocks of standard quantum experiments and find solutions to new problems. And it did find many interesting ones. But there was one that made no sense. "The first thing I thought was, 'My program has a bug, because the solution cannot exist,'" Krenn says. MELVIN had seemingly solved the problem of creating highly complex entangled states involving multiple photons (entangled states being those that once made Albert Einstein invoke the specter of "spooky action at a distance <https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/spooky-quantum-action-passes-test/>"). Krenn, Anton Zeilinger of the University of Vienna and their colleagues had not explicitly provided MELVIN the rules needed to generate such complex states, yet it had found a way. Eventually, he realized that the algorithm had rediscovered a type of experimental arrangement that had been devised in the early 1990s. But those experiments had been much simpler. MELVIN had cracked a far more complex puzzle. "When we understood what was going on, we were immediately able to generalize [the solution]," says Krenn, who is now at the University of Toronto. Since then, other teams have started performing the experiments identified by MELVIN, allowing them to test the conceptual underpinnings of quantum mechanics in new ways. Meanwhile Krenn, working with colleagues in Toronto, has refined their machine-learning algorithms. Their latest effort, an AI called THESEUS, has upped the ante: it is orders of magnitude faster than MELVIN, and humans can readily parse its output. While it would take Krenn and his colleagues days or even weeks to understand MELVIN's meanderings, they can almost immediately figure out what THESEUS is saying. "It is amazing work," says theoretical quantum physicist Renato Renner of the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, who reviewed a 2020 study about THESEUS but was not directly involved in these efforts.

How to tell if extraterrestrial visitors are friend or foe
By Avi Loeb <https://www.livescience.com/author/avi-loeb> 

(Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech)
Despite the naive storylines about interstellar travel in science fiction, biological creatures were not selected by Darwinian evolution <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_selection> to survive travel between stars. Such a trip would necessarily span many generations, since even at the speed of light, it would take tens of thousands of years to travel between stars in our galaxy’s disk and 10 times longer across its halo. If we ever encounter traces of aliens, therefore, it will likely be in the form of technology, not biology. Technological debris could have accumulated in interstellar space over the past billions of years, just as plastic bottles have accumulated on the surface of the ocean. The chance of detecting alien technological relics can be simply calculated from their number per unit volume <https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/lets-search-for-alien-probes-not-just-alien-signals/> near us rather than from the Drake equation <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drake_equation>, which applies strictly to communication signals from living civilizations.

On a recent podcast about my book Extraterrestrial <https://www.hmhbooks.com/shop/books/Extraterrestrial/9780358274551>, I was asked whether extraterrestrial intelligence should be expected to follow the rational underpinning of morality, as neatly formulated by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant>. This would be of concern to us during an encounter. Based on human history, I expressed doubt that morality would garner a global commitment from all intelligent beings in the Milky Way <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way>.

Instead, a code of conduct that allows systems of alien technology to dominate the galaxy <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way> would also make them more likely to be the way we would first encounter extraterrestrials. Practically, this rule will act as a sort of Darwinian evolution by natural selection, favoring systems that can persevere over long times and distances; and multiply quickly and spread at the highest speed with self-repair mechanisms that mitigate damage along their journey. Such systems could have reached the habitable zones around all stars within the Milky Way, including our sun, by now. Most stars formed <https://arxiv.org/pdf/1403.0007.pdf> billions of years before ours did, and technological equipment sent from habitable planets near them could have predated us by enough time to dominate the galaxy before we came to exist as a technological species.

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